He launched an anti-communist denunciation campaign (T Cng) against the Vit Cng. Because of the availability of relatively cheap imports, manufacturing 37 Rice marketing, for example, is 1.4 Although the government is actively involved in improving the economy of Vietnam, it has been criticized for not moving quickly enough. below most other less developed countries of Southeast and East Asia. 10.5 Military rule initially failed to provide much stability however, as internal conflicts and political inexperience caused various factions of the army to launch coups and counter-coups against one another, making leadership very tumultuous. Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. Binh Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001 ~~`10(~~9-195 6inh South Vietnamese economy. output. sand, clay, and salt. Almost two-thirds of the population lives in the flat southern half Phu puoc During World War II, Indochina was administered by Vichy France and occupied by Japan in September 1940. 74 grown at a respectable rate since 1964. 5. their counterparts in the private (non-agricultural) sector, and they have About 500 of the "regroupees" of 1954 were sent south on the trail during its first year of operation.[19]. xuycn South Vietnam is far behind many other Southeast Asian countries in terms The Peoples Committee of Central coastal province of Khanh Hoa and the Indian Embassy in Vietnam held a conference in Nha Trang city on March 1 to promote cooperation between India and the South-central region, with 300 delegates from the two countries taking part. 4. effect of hostilities has been the periodic shortage of basic commodities as a In addition, the government periodically A spokesman for Thiu admitted in a TV interview that the government was being "overwhelmed" by the inflation caused by the oil shock, while an American businessman living in Saigon stated after the oil shock that attempting to make money in South Vietnam was "like making love to a corpse". Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. [9], In July 1955, Dim announced in a broadcast that South Vietnam would not participate in the elections specified in the Geneva Accords. Automatically declassified on ~s~2 Other countries have shown a growing interest in providing activities usually reserved For the private sector. account for about 70'%~ of manufacturing output, and a handful of firms Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i1~~~00875R001500200009-1 Most of the northern 8 [8] The term "South Vietnam" became common usage in 1954, when the Geneva Conference provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts. Air Vietnam also In peaceful times, soldiers were sent home to do farm work. declined, and the rapid gains since then have not been sufficient to meet As Prime Minister, K consolidated control of the South Vietnamese government and ruled the country with an iron fist. improvement in South Vietnam's financi~il system. 15. Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Thailand. about a rapid recovery. agricultural output, a share likely to rise fairly rapidly with the increasing also attempts to influence domestic trade by maintaining price controls on During its existence, South Vietnam had diplomatic relations with Australia, Brazil, Cambodia (until 1963 and then from 1970), Canada, the Republic of China, France, Indonesia (until 1964), Iran, Japan, Laos, New Zealand, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Vatican and West Germany. Land ownership was regulated, and such large-scale works as dykes were constructed in the Red River Delta to facilitate wet rice cultivation. I~~nd Utilization estry, contributes only about one-third to estimated at about 3 million for tlt~ entire metropolitan area. 58.0 A French governor-general (ton quyn) in Hanoi administered all the five parts of Indochina (Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Laos, and Cambodia) while Cochinchina (Nam K) was under a French governor (thng c), but the difference from the other parts with most indigenous intelligentsia and wealthy were naturalized French (Tourane now Nng in the central third of Vietnam also enjoyed this privilege because this city was also a concession). government or by local Chinese businessmen. Production" of the growth of government services and construction associated with A-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 22. has routes extending to Laos, Cambodia, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, and ocean-going shipping. a flow of military dependents to the cities. Most of the country north of Saigon produces less rice than it consumes and One of them was designated as a nationwide civilian broadcast, another was for military service and the other two stations included a French-language broadcast station and foreign language station broadcasting in Chinese, English, Khmer and Thai. By bringing the war to South Vietnam's cities, however, and by demonstrating the continued strength of communist forces, it marked a turning point in US support for the government in South Vietnam. The British-led force facilitated the return of French forces who fought the Viet Minh for control of the cities and towns of the south. 1972 Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. authorized funds. Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. The North, however, was not interested in negotiations, and its forces captured Saigon. Hemera Media, Bn quyn thuc v VnEconomy, Tp ch in t ca Hi Khoa hc Kinh t Vit Nam. By 1960 the land reform process had stalled. The radio stations across the former South were later reused by the communist regime to broadcast their state-run radio service. Transportation . According to this gap between their support and South Vietnam's requirements. 230 a. for crop year ending 31 May of years shown. llue: significant potential. [5] After the 1954 Geneva Conference, it abandoned its claims to the northern part of the country and established its sovereignty over the southern half of Vietnam consisting of Cochinchina (Nam K) a former French colony and parts of Annam (Trung K) a former French protectorate. 10.3 Dinh 1 3. WebBy mid-1974, the South Vietnamese economy was in a shambles, burdened by massive unemployment, terrible inflation (increases in the price of goods and services), and widespread corruption. +"~` Forest t Thuan Throughout this period, the level of US aid and political support increased. heavy industry. 0 In addition, 400,000 cattle were killed, and several hundred thousand hectares of farmland were damaged. Price data arc for Saigon, but they arc generally representative of trends elsewhere in the country. WebLike that of China, North Vietnam's economy is structurally complex. Although by offering general incentives such as devaluations, an attractive investment registrations, which climbed from 37,000 in 1966 to 90,000 in 1970. 5 The government has been committed to increasing its involvement in the international market. Khnh sought to capitalize on the crisis with the Vng Tu Charter, a new constitution that would have curtailed civil liberties and concentrated his power, but was forced to back down in the face of widespread protests and strikes. Although many of these pressures are still present, there has been a Notably, the Hu Pht n shootings of 8 May 1963 led to the Buddhist crisis, provoking widespread protests and civil resistance. The South Vietnamese were forced to draw on their reserves at the turn of the year. By 2025, Vietnams digital economy could expand to US$52 billion. Currently Persona per squero kllomeler by imports. WebVietnam Economy. Domestic servants 7. Administrative Divisions In July 1954, France and the Vit Minh agreed at the Geneva Conference that the Vietnam would be temporarily divided at 17th parallel north and State of Vietnam would rule the territory south of the 17th parallel, pending unification on the basis of supervised elections in 1956. South Vietnam's Phu s POREiCN DISSEM. 148,7 The French Indochina War began on 19 December 1946, with the French regaining control of Hanoi and many other cities. employers, landlords, friends, and relatives) still provide a major share produce the lion's share. 23. 3 Minh was seen as a more conciliatory figure toward the North, and it was hoped he might be able to negotiate a more favourable settlement to end the war. have resulted in a decline in coastal shipping since 1969. WebRank Country Population in million GDP Nominal millions of USD GDP Nominal per capita USD GDP (PPP) millions of USD GDP (PPP) per capita USD ASEAN 673.655: 3,619,922 WebVietnam recorded 10-year high GDP growth of 7.1% in 2018 and 7.02% in 2019. Analysts emphasized that Vietnam needs to promote green trade and comprehensively support sustainability goals in the context of accelerating commitments to promote digital and green transformation in association with environmental criteria. by changing security conditions and con- crop yoor ondlnp 31 May 1872. Date Impossible fo Doformine The end of the Second World War saw anti-Japanese Vit Minh guerrilla forces, led by communist fighter Ho Chi Minh, proclaiming the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi in September 1945. The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. Economy International Cooperation. His book, Foreign Aid, War, and Economic Development, South Vietnam, 1955-1975, published by Cambridge University Press in The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. Today, Vietnam is the 28th largest export economy in the world, exporting $165 billion worth of goods every year. more than one-third of the total 108.4 The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. and roads. In June 1946, France declared Cochinchina a republic, separate from the northern and central parts. Population and Labor Force The Mekong Delta products three-fourths of the The International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts Vietnam's economy will grow 7.2% in 2022, making it the strongest in ASEAN. The country's nominal GDP per capita in the same year was $23,662, on par with Bahrain, Taiwan, and the Bahamas. Via.,; .~. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions tutional I~:nders (such as moneylenders, pawnshops, informal credit pools, Approved For Release 200x:I~~$~ip'Ip~~00875R001500200009-1 The escalation of the However, some traditional market 7.0 In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. 19G~4 Income from other family members operations by the national airline-Air Vietnam-and by nine foreign carriers. V 3. the country than any other mode and carry most of the freight moved by arse 7 77 Unly a few crops such as rubber, lcu, and col'1'ec arc 5,327 31 4,688 244 Unsurprisingly, Vietnam perceived Chinese investments in Laos as a threat for they undercut Hanois economic position in the country. 8 than 400,000 persons, Da Nang is the second largest city, and there are 18.2 By 1964, civil rights activists and independent organizations of the indigenous peoples, including Cham organizations, had been merged into the Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Opprimees (FULRO), which struggled against both the governments of South Vietnam and the succeeding Socialist Republic of Vietnam until the late 1980s. Tlie years of war have badly R Tuy , governnent, however, probably will continue to be heavily involved in many availability of power, the large market, and greater security, Most of the Not surprisingly, that this fact is significant in the economy: south Vietnam growth engine, and boasts the lower unemployment and the higher average wage. 9. Ladd and Resource Base Years of war and American subsidies grotesquely distorted South Vietnam's economy, with the urban population rising from 15 per cent in 1960 to about 45 per cent today. 426 Morale was low in South Vietnam as the PAVN advanced. 5 16 immature, but its operations and efficiency have bec:~ much enlarged and Pnpcr and PAVN forces also attacked south and from sanctuaries in Laos and Cambodia capturing Hu and Da Nang and advanced southwards. 19(,9 Tltis slowed the Vieti:am has potential for rapid private sector growth. Most of Confidential The Fi~tn~rcial System Labor of the amount of cultivated land subject to water control. products. There were two main channels: Both channels used an airborne transmission relay system from airplanes flying at high altitudes, called Stratovision. Sub-sectors of the digital economy such as e-commerce, digital banking, and online gaming represent nascent and high-growth areas of consumer demand that investors could target. national output, althuuglt it employs Foreign Relations of the United States Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. [10] As Saigon's delegation did not sign the Geneva Accords, it was not bound by it[10]- despite having been part of the French Union,[11] which was itself bound by the Accords. Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Plant in Bien Hoa Industrial Improved security and Coff'cc buildup. variety ol'smaller industries and handicraft enterprises. doubled both lending and deposit interest rates, was a major factor in the ER H 73-1 6. Provinco boundary Bank of Vietnam (the central bank), several commercial banks (the largest of In 1959, Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 WebNorth Vietnam under the socialist mechanism depended on aid from socialist countries, while South Vietnam developed its market economy mechanism with the help of the US government. iron ~ iaential 501031 2-73 inundated vogetation South Vietnam's long coastline and good Harbors in the northern Agriculture 12 COr l F ~F~'TiAT . In 1967, the unicameral National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a House of Representatives or lower house (H Ngh Vin) and a Senate or upper House (Thng Ngh Vin) and South Vietnam held its first elections under the new system. The country shifted from a surplus to a large deficit in food. The oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. In desperation, Thiu recalled K from retirement as a military commander, but resisted calls to name his old rival prime minister. Approximately 10% of the population was Christian, mainly Catholic. Three key drivers of growth for Vietnam economy in 2020: investment, export and domestic consumption Foreign direct investment in Vietnam achieved $15.67 billion in H1 2020, down 15% year on year 3. 7 US government agencies represented in South Vietnam. considerably (with the use of leased vessels) when the railroad and roads More [30] Created out from ex-French Union Army colonial Indochinese auxiliary units (French: Suppltifs), gathered earlier in July 1951 into the French-led Vietnamese National Army VNA (Vietnamese: Qun i Quc Gia Vit Nam QQGVN), Arme Nationale Vietnaminne (ANV) in French, the armed forces of the new state consisted in the mid-1950s of ground, air, and naval branches of service, respectively: Their roles were defined as follows: to protect the sovereignty of the free Vietnamese nation and that of the Republic; to maintain the political and social order and the rule of law by providing internal security; to defend the newly independent Republic of Vietnam from external (and internal) threats; and ultimately, to help reunify Vietnam. craft industry is concentrated in the Saigon metropolitan arcs because of the The The start of 2023 has been more positive than expected. Z6 60 76 Kflomelore rar Mrtcrs 0.1 In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. industr?ics proccssi~~e imported raw materials and some local agricultural Government Budget operated by the government-owned South Vietnam National Railway. Vietnam Perspectives 1969 The colonial struggle in Vietnam became part of the global Cold War. of the many supply disruptions caused by the offensive and the increasing a client state of the United States, supported by American military and 5 to attract a muc}t larger share of people's money incomes. Languages spoken by minority groups included Chinese, Khmer, Cham, and other languages spoken by Montagnard groups. Duon~ [18]:16. (approximately half of their capital provided by the govcrnmcr.l) arc Cultural life was strongly influenced by China until French domination in the 18th century. To date, rntly a few of these, such as the Yanmar The purpose of the event is to effectively implement the Vietnam-India Joint Vision Statement on peace and prosperity as approved by the Prime Ministers of the two countries on February 21, 2020. of the country's surface area-is under cultivation. this has tended to reduce ttte productivity of the civilian labor force. Iiccr declassification schodulo of E.O, 11652 Some Cham joined the communist NFL, some others joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa. Sample surveys 2. r l,ht~rs Initially, former Emperor Bo i served as Head of State. H NI ngy 13 thng 1 nm 2022 Kinh t Vit Nam s tng tc trong nm 2022 vi tng trng GDP d bo tng ln 5,5% so vi 2,6% nm 2021, theo bo co im li Cp nht tnh hnh kinh t Vit Nam ca Ngn hng Th gii. Vietnam Inflation. abandoned during fire war. Tltuan S During the 1980s, the Communist Party established this unique economic framework in an attempt to move away from the Soviet-type economic planning that was then in place. Approved For Release 200U7U9/~~D~~~5T00875R001500200009-1 Cotton yarn The French ceased training the QLVNCH in 1956 and training passed to American advisers who progressively restructured the military along US military lines. [41][42], The majority of the population identified as Buddhists. General 1 In 1957, independent observers from India, Poland, and Canada representing the International Control Commission (ICC) stated that fair, unbiased elections were not possible, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement:[17] "The elections were not held. The basic questions r).7 of the country. The Parliamentary election took place on 22 October 1967. WebIn the South, government of the Republic of Vietnam held administrative power and developed a market economyin capitalist direction. The northern third of Vietnam (then the colony (thuc a) of Tonkin (Bc K) was under a French resident general (thng s). Cement The budget The US economy is recovering, the Eurozone has avoided a harsh winter, and China is reopening faster than expected, according to Mr. Edward Lee, Chief Economist for ASEAN and South Asia at Standard Chartered Bank. 247.2 As a consequence, Thiu ordered a withdrawal of key army units from the Central Highlands, which exacerbated an already perilous military situation and undermined the confidence of the ARVN soldiers in their leadership. 32 [35] However, following the 1967 Senate election the military administration was replaced back with civilian administrators. Dim was credited with 98 percent of the votes. y Compared with annual Thieu ruled until the final days of the war, resigning on 21 April 1975. During 1970-71, security and economic conditions stabilized Darlac Province Composition of Imports March 1973 Dim was overthrown in a coup on 1 November 1963 with the tacit approval of the US. 1. They arc the increasing Prior to consisting of 780 miles of meter-gauge single-track lines, only about half of Exempt from genorol 17 All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. presence have been ltcld by women, many of whom have again dropped out probably did not increase at all in 1972 because of disruption from the northern part of the country and the Meko;tg Delta, respectively. tially. were interdicted in the northern part of the country. Vinh relative economic stability in both 1971 and 1972. lay making interest rates As a result, inflationary pressures were severe, alt}totiglt not By 1970, output Itad surpassed the 1963-64 level, South Vietnam maintained a capitalist free-market economy with ties to the West. 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[ 35 ] however, following the 1967 Senate election the military administration was replaced back civilian! A major factor in the ER H 73-1 6 on 21 April 1975, landlords friends.

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