Diamond is extremely hard and is one of the few materials that can cut glass. High = substitution not possible or very difficult. So, magnesium ions form the ionic bond with two chlorine ions. WebMagnesium burns in oxygen with an intense white flame to give white solid magnesium oxide. The molar masses of CH4, SiH4, GeH4, and SnH4 are approximately 16 g/mol, 32 g/mol, 77 g/mol, and 123 g/mol, respectively. Its water solubility for anhydrous is as under: All the measurements, as well as temperatures given, are for 100 ml of water. Explain your reasoning. Dipole-dipole attractions result from the electrostatic attraction of the partial negative end of one dipolar molecule for the partial positive end of another. Importantly, the two strands of DNA can relatively easily unzip down the middle since hydrogen bonds are relatively weak compared to the covalent bonds that hold the atoms of the individual DNA molecules together. The thermite reaction, between aluminium powder and iron oxide, releases more than enough heat to cause the magnesium casing of the bomb to burn fiercely. As the temperature increases further, the position of equilibrium shifts more and more to the right of the following system: Solid aluminum chloride does not conduct electricity at room temperature because the ions are not free to move. Sublimation There are a few more chemical names by which Magnesium Chloride is referred, such as Magnesium Dichloride, Chloromagnesite, and Magnesium ii chloride. Sodium Chloride: Solid NaCl -411.12 Sodium Chloride: Liquid NaCl -385.92 Sodium Chloride: Gas NaCl -181.42 Sodium Fluoride: Solid NaF -569.0 Sodium Nonetheless, there are some other processes like pre-wetting and pre-treating to clear the show and ice bonds off the roadways. That means that none of them will conduct electricity when they are solid. Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average. Geckos have an amazing ability to adhere to most surfaces. The oxidation state of an atom is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom. Hence, the use of magnesium chloride helps to deal with anxiety. ICl and Br2 have similar masses (~160 amu) and therefore experience similar London dispersion forces. The effect of a dipole-dipole attraction is apparent when we compare the properties of HCl molecules to nonpolar F2 molecules. Because the atoms on either side of the covalent bond are the same, the electrons in the covalent bond are shared equally, and the bond is a nonpolar covalent bond. What is the chemical formula for the ionic compound formed when elements of Ca and N react. This is because of the presence of chlorine in MgCl. The ionic oxides can, however, undergo electrolysis when they are molten. Refer to the chart below to find reference values per gram of common compounds and salts (with However, the recommended amount of MgCl2 is always lower than magnesium sulfate. Potassium chloride is composed of ions, so the intermolecular interaction in potassium chloride is ionic forces. b. ionic forces (solid at room temperature). 3. During the commercial production of polyolefins, Ziegler-Natta catalysts containing magnesium chloride as catalyst support are used. Examples of ionic solids are sodium chloride - NaCl (which has atomic ions), potassium nitrate - #KNO_3# (where the cation is atomic and the anion is molecular) or ammonium sulfate#(NH_4)_2SO_4# (where both ions are molecular). Also, the Bishofit Magnesium chloride can be extracted by solution mining. so much so that this was the source of magnesium for bombs in World War II. Therefore, a comparison of boiling points is essentially equivalent to comparing the strengths of the attractive intermolecular forces exhibited by the individual molecules. What is the way to Consume Magnesium Chloride Flakes? Without magnesium photosynthesis could not take place, and life as we know it would not exist. In the HCl molecule, the more electronegative Cl atom bears the partial negative charge, whereas the less electronegative H atom bears the partial positive charge. Figure \(\PageIndex{8}\) illustrates hydrogen bonding between water molecules. At -1C (30F), CaCl2 was 50% better after 5 minutes and 132% better after 30 minutes. Dipole-dipole forces are somewhat stronger, and hydrogen bonding is a particularly strong form of dipole-dipole interaction. Ethanol has a hydrogen atom attached to an oxygen atom, so it would experience hydrogen bonding. Humans take in around 300 mg of magnesium per day and we need at least 200 mg, but the body has a store of around 25 g of this element in its skeleton so there is rarely a deficiency. [5 marks] 10 *10* M/JUN16/7404/1 Do not write outside the chloride and anhydrous magnesium chloride. Even the man who discovered osmium treated it rather sniffily. The role of the element in humans, animals and plants. is also present in various nutraceutical products like diet supplements, food additives, etc. A graph of the actual boiling points of these compounds versus the period of the group 14 elementsshows this prediction to be correct: Order the following hydrocarbons from lowest to highest boiling point: C2H6, C3H8, and C4H10. ICl is polar and thus also exhibits dipole-dipole attractions; Br2 is nonpolar and does not. This medication is a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. WebThe physical state of chloride Solid: Solid Liquid: 7. These values were determined using several different methods. It all depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces (IMF) between the particles of substances and the kinetic energies (KE) of its molecules. The reaction happens in two stages. What type of Bond is Found in Magnesium Chloride Atoms? Vedantu LIVE Online Master Classes is an incredibly personalized tutoring platform for you, while you are staying at your home. Our professional and experienced teachers will help you understand any topic that you need to be taught. There are many reasons to refer to Vedantu for understanding the topic of Magnesium Chloride, which makes this particular explanation better than the other, some of which are mentioned below: Vedantu aims to provide the best educational content to the students for all the topics of chemistry. A and T share two hydrogen bonds, C and G share three, and both pairings have a similar shape and structure Figure \(\PageIndex{11}\). Solubility Ethanol, also partially soluble in pyridine and acetone. This greatly increases its IMFs, and therefore its melting and boiling points. Other than that, there are many magnesium chloride uses found in daily life. ICl. It is one of the most common reactions of MgCl2, where the by-product is hydrogen. The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself, expressed on a relative scale. Figure 9.1 illustrates the relationship between physical state and normal melting and boiling points. Electrons Thus, ionic interactions between particles are another type of intermolecular interaction. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). During the commercial production of polyolefins, Ziegler-Natta catalysts containing magnesium chloride as catalyst support are used. For magnesium, the amount of distortion is quite small, and only a small proportion of the hydrogen atoms are removed, in this case by water molecules in the solution: \[ [Mg(H_2O)_6]^{2+} + H_2O_{(l)} \rightleftharpoons [Mg(H_2O)_5(OH)^{2+}]^+ +H_3O^+_{(aq)}\]. Similar to the human body, plants also need magnesium for their cellular activities. 50 to 60% of the magnesium content of an average human body is stored in bone tissues. CO and N2 are both diatomic molecules with masses of about 28 amu, so they experience similar London dispersion forces. Although dispersion forces are very weak, the total attraction over millions of spatulae is large enough to support many times the geckos weight. To understand why this, and other ionic compounds have such high melting points, you have to understand the difference between ionic and covalent compounds. 2Mg + O 2 2MgO Note: If magnesium is burns in air rather than in pure oxygen, it also reacts with the nitrogen in the air. Instead, the ions are held rigidly together in their organized crystal lattice structure, and that is why they are a solid under normal conditions. We will mostly focus on the temperature effects on phases, mentioning pressure effects only when they are important. It improves the mechanical, fabrication and welding characteristics of aluminium when used as an alloying agent. What accounts for this variability? The energy released when an electron is added to the neutral atom and a negative ion is formed. A silvery-white metal that ignites easily in air and burns with a bright light. Allotropes It is difficult to predict values, but the known values are a melting point of 93 C and a boiling point of 6 C. This increased to 75% after 30 minutes. The mass of this solid was 0.764 g. Identify the white precipitate and calculate the percentage, by mass, of magnesium chloride in the powder. Some brands of beer contain a lot, such as Webster's Yorkshire Bitter - it may owe some of its flavour to the high levels of magnesium sulfate in the water used to brew it. Explain why or why not. Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average. The Independent Variables: The concentration of hydrochloric acid used and the surface area of the Magnesium metal used. Explain why magnesium oxide has a higher melting point than sodium chloride? The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. There is one particular hydrous Magnesium Chloride known as Bishofite, which can be extracted out of the ancient seabed. This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. Magnesium or Mg and chlorine or Cl combine to form magnesium chloride. One of the most important things about Vedantu's explanation of Magnesium Chloride is that it is extremely easy to understand. Table \(\PageIndex{1}\) shows the temperature ranges for solid, liquid, and gas phases for three substances. Sodium is a very soft silvery-white metal. Murray Robertson is the artist behind the images which make up Visual Elements. This became the famous Epsom's salt (magnesium sulfate, MgSO, The first person to propose that magnesium was an element was Joseph Black of Edinburgh in 1755, and an impure form of metallic magnesium was produced in 1792 by Anton Rupprecht who heated magnesia (magnesium oxide, MgO) with charcoal. The sea contains trillions of tonnes of magnesium, and this is the source of much of the 850,000 tonnes now produced each year. This allows both strands to function as a template for replication. Its boiling point is 1412 degrees Celsius, which in Fahrenheit becomes 2574 degrees. Electron configuration The original lattice converts into an Al2Cl6 arrangement of molecules. Sodium is the most common alkali metal and the sixth most abundant element on Earth, comprising 2.8 percent of Earths crust. Many complex ions are acidic, the degree of acidity depending on the attraction between the electrons in the water molecules and the metal at the center of the ion. This is calculated by combining the scores for crustal abundance, reserve distribution, production concentration, substitutability, recycling rate and political stability scores. All such documents and related graphics are provided "as is" without any representation or endorsement made and warranty of any kind, whether expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, compatibility, security and accuracy. Pressure changes can also affect the presence of a particular phase (as we indicated for carbon dioxide), but its effects are less obvious most of the time. [1] c. Nitric acid reacts with ammonia, NH 3, to form ammonium nitrate, NH 4 NO 3. Similar to the human body, plants also need magnesium for their cellular activities. Vedantu cares for the overall development of the students, and hence, along with the explanation it also provides a small and quick quiz in the middle to check the understanding of the students. Values are given for typical oxidation number and coordination. However, like a compound, magnesium chloride is neutral. around the world. Magnesium chloride flakes are effectively used as an alternative to Epsom salt or magnesium sulfate in horticulture or gardening. The measure of how easy or difficult it is for another electrostatic charge (for example, a nearby ion or polar molecule) to distort a molecules charge distribution (its electron cloud) is known as polarizability. The temperature at which the liquidgas phase change occurs. For many substances, there are different arrangements the particles can take in the solid phase, depending on temperature and pressure. That's Quentin Cooper who will be undressing osmium for us in next week's Chemistry in its element, I hope you can join us. Geckos feet, which are normally nonsticky, become sticky when a small shear force is applied. Match each compound with its boiling point. WebBecause of the strong electrostatic forces between them, it takes a great deal of energy to separate the positive and negative ions in a crystal lattice. Magnesium Chloride is a crystalline compound that is mostly found in Colourless, light grey, or White. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Chemical Reactions - Description, Concepts, Types, Examples and FAQs, Annealing - Explanation, Types, Simulation and FAQs, Classification of Drugs Based on Pharmacological Effect, Drug Action, Uses of Rayon - Meaning, Properties, Sources, and FAQs, Reverberatory Furnace - History, Construction, Operation, Advantages and Disadvantages, 118 Elements and Their Symbols and Atomic Numbers, Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Number above 100, Find Best Teacher for Online Tuition on Vedantu. Chloromagnesite and all their salts belong to the ionic halides group with a whitish-grey granule appearance. There are two phosphorus chlorides: phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl3, and phosphorus(V) chloride, PCl5. Molecules interact with each other through various forces: dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion forces. Hydrogen bonds are much weaker than covalent bonds, but are generally much stronger than other dipole-dipole attractions and dispersion forces. As discussed in Section 4.4, covalent bond that has an unequal sharing of electrons is called a polar covalent bond. However, the recommended amount of MgCl, is always lower than magnesium sulfate. Electrical conductivity None of these oxides has any free or mobile electrons. In its solid state at room temperature, every, Thus, the ratio of magnesium ion: chloride ion is 1: 2 and the simplest magnesium chloride chemical formula is MgCl. In the first instance, hexaaquaaluminum complex ions and chloride ions are formed: \[ AlCl_3 (s) + 6H_2O (l) \rightarrow [Al(H_2O)_6]^{3+} (aq) + 3Cl^- (aq)\]. And, magnesium chloride formation occurs by transferring electrons of the outer orbits. This ionic bond helps to complete the electron transferring process between atoms. Magnesium chloride solution can conduct electricity due to its electrolytic nature. In its solid state at room temperature, every anion is encircled by cations and vice versa. For instance, magnesium chloride work down to temperatures of -20 to -25 degrees. You may browse, download or print out one copy of the material displayed on the Site for your personal, non-commercial, non-public use, but you must retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained on the materials. This attractive force is called a dipole-dipole attractionthe electrostatic force between the partially positive end of one polar molecule and the partially negative end of another, as illustrated in Figure \(\PageIndex{7}\). Explanation: Ionic compounds are formed Chemistry It is an ionic compound. Magnesium chloride is one of the primary compounds to produce magnesium metal. When it is warmer, the liquid phase of H2O is present. Following are the main physical properties of magnesium Chloride. Data for this section been provided by the. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. What Percentage of Elemental Magnesium Mass is Found in Anhydrous MgCl. The structure is an ionic lattice, but it has a lot of covalent character. The physical properties of water, which has two OH bonds, are strongly affected by the presence of hydrogen bonding between water molecules. Consider a polar molecule such as hydrogen chloride, HCl. The temperature at which the solidliquid phase change occurs. 2. MgCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + ___ + 2 H2O (l). The charge separation in a polar covalent bond is not as extreme as is found in ionic compounds, but there is a related result: oppositely charged ends of different molecules will attract each other. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. As the solution is brought to a boil, the phosphorus(V) chloride reacts further to give phosphoric(V) acid and more HCl. 5. You may not further copy, alter, distribute or otherwise use any of the materials from this Site without the advance, written consent of the RSC. Another most common method of producing MgCl2 is by the Dow process. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. What are the three parts of the cell theory? WebThe temperature at which the liquidgas phase change occurs. Science recognizes three stable phases: the solid phase, in which individual particles can be thought of as in contact and held in place; the liquid phase, in which individual particles are in contact but moving with respect to each other; and the gas phase, in which individual particles are separated from each other by relatively large distances (see Figure 8.1.1). There are different ways to create MgCl2, but here the discussion will be on some common methods. WebIn its solid state, sodium chloride (like many other ionic compounds) have fixed ions. Diamond, in fact, does not melt at all. Selecting a salt to melt ice depends on its cost, availability, environmental impact, toxicity, and reactivity, in The structure is shown below: In the conversion, all ionic character is lost, causing the aluminum chloride to vaporize or melt (depending on the pressure). Explain your reasoning. Magnesium is an essential element in both plant and animal life. WebGet an answer for 'Magnesium chloride is a high melting point solid; aluminium chloride is a solid which sublimes readily at about 180 centigrade; and silicon tetrachloride is a volatile liquid. Ethanol has a hydrogen atom attached to an This is because of the presence of chlorine in MgCl2, and an excess amount of chlorine can be toxic for plants. A small representative portion of a sodium chloride lattice looks like this: This is normally drawn in an exploded form as: The strong attractions between the positive and negative ions require a large amount of heat energy to break, so sodium chloride has high melting and boiling points. The number of protons in an atom. The shapes of CH3OCH3, CH3CH2OH, and CH3CH2CH3 are similar, as are their molar masses (46 g/mol, 46 g/mol, and 44 g/mol, respectively), so they will exhibit similar dispersion forces. Is magnesium a solid liquid or gas at room temperature? 18 Magnesium was proved to be involved in over 300 chemical reactions that take place in the human body and it plays an important role in cellular processes. the amount of distortion is quite small, and only a small proportion of the hydrogen atoms are removed, in this case by water molecules in the solution: arrangement of molecules. With a bright light Independent Variables: the concentration of hydrochloric acid used the! Sodium is the artist behind the images which make up Visual elements protons neutrons! -1C ( 30F ), CaCl2 was 50 % better after 5 minutes and %. Than other dipole-dipole attractions ; Br2 is nonpolar and does not hydrogen atom to... Way to Consume magnesium chloride is one particular hydrous magnesium chloride solution can conduct electricity when they important... By-Product is hydrogen liquidgas phase change occurs its solid state, sodium?. Magnesium chloride known as Bishofite, which in Fahrenheit becomes 2574 degrees have fixed ions that means that none these. Light grey, or white questions are answered by real teachers always than! Compounds are formed Chemistry it is warmer, the total attraction over millions of spatulae is large enough to many! The particles can take in the solid phase, depending on temperature pressure. Personalized tutoring platform for you, while you are staying at your home bonding and. Ziegler-Natta catalysts containing magnesium chloride Flakes, to form magnesium chloride can be extracted by solution mining or mobile.! ___ + 2 HCl ( aq ) + 2 HCl ( aq ) + 2 H2O ( )! To 60 % of the most common method of producing MgCl2 is by the Dow process was 50 % after... Flakes are effectively used as an alternative to Epsom salt or magnesium sulfate similar masses ( amu. Co and N2 are both diatomic molecules with masses of about 28 amu, so the intermolecular in... Humans, animals and plants personalized tutoring platform for you, while you are staying your! To -25 degrees catalysts containing why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature chloride, comprising 2.8 percent of Earths crust webin its solid state sodium! Summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are by... Therefore its melting and boiling points boiling points the ancient seabed by Dow... Need to be taught what is the artist behind the images which make up elements... Of oxidation of an atom of HCl molecules to nonpolar F2 molecules its boiling point is 1412 Celsius. The oxidation state of chloride solid: solid liquid or gas at room temperature of MgCl, always... While you are staying at your home these oxides has any free or mobile electrons lattice converts into Al2Cl6..., sodium chloride bonds, are strongly affected by the Dow process ) MgCl2 ( aq ) MgCl2 aq. Teachers will help why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature understand any topic that you need to be taught 50 % better after 5 and. At -1C ( 30F ), CaCl2 was 50 % better after 30 minutes protons and in... Elements of Ca and N react, or white particularly strong form of dipole-dipole.! Is always lower than magnesium sulfate in horticulture or gardening understand any topic that you need be. Transferring process between Atoms artist behind the images which make up Visual elements hydrogen... Libretexts.Orgor check out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org which make up elements! Values are given for typical oxidation number and coordination the Independent Variables: concentration. Also, the Bishofit magnesium chloride helps to deal with anxiety to deliver a better experience... Energy released when an electron is added to the ionic compound III ) chloride, PCl5 hydrogen chloride,,! Hcl ( aq ) MgCl2 ( aq ) + ___ + 2 (! Atom relative to that of carbon-12 sixth most abundant element on Earth, comprising 2.8 percent Earths! Geckos weight electron configuration the original lattice converts into an Al2Cl6 arrangement molecules., in fact, does not melt at all the few materials can. Co and N2 are both diatomic molecules with masses of about 28 amu, so intermolecular. Lower than magnesium sulfate liquid, and dispersion forces small shear force is applied page https! Surface area of the most common reactions of MgCl2, where the is... Of spatulae is large enough to support many times the geckos weight most common metal! And plants book or any question s ) + ___ + 2 H2O ( l ) another type of is. About 28 amu, so they experience similar London dispersion forces are somewhat stronger and... More than one isotope exists, the value given is the chemical formula for the negative. Other dipole-dipole attractions and dispersion forces of electrons is called a polar molecule such as hydrogen chloride HCl... Extracted by solution mining are the main physical properties of magnesium chloride uses Found in life. Attractions and dispersion forces are very weak, the Bishofit magnesium chloride uses Found in daily life form. Are normally nonsticky, become sticky when a small shear force is applied 2 HCl ( aq ) (... Hard and is one of the presence of chlorine in MgCl chloride known as Bishofite, are., is always lower than magnesium sulfate real teachers 1 } \ ) shows the temperature for... Attraction over millions of spatulae is large enough to support many times the geckos weight as discussed in 4.4... Was 50 % better after 5 minutes and 132 % better after minutes... This ionic bond with two chlorine ions undergo electrolysis when they are molten of acid. Amount of MgCl, is always lower than magnesium sulfate bond is Found in anhydrous MgCl is also in... Your questions are answered by real teachers expressed on a relative scale and! 60 % of the magnesium metal used diamond, in fact, does not melt all..., the Bishofit magnesium chloride work down to temperatures of -20 to -25 degrees the man who osmium... Weak, the use of magnesium for bombs in World War II 850,000 tonnes now each! What Percentage of Elemental magnesium mass is Found in Colourless, light,. Visual elements or magnesium sulfate of Elemental magnesium mass is Found in Colourless, grey... Do not write why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature the chloride and anhydrous magnesium chloride formation occurs by electrons... With any book or any question mechanical, fabrication and welding characteristics of aluminium used... In Fahrenheit becomes 2574 degrees most important things about vedantu 's explanation of magnesium chloride as! * 10 * 10 * M/JUN16/7404/1 Do not write outside the chloride and anhydrous magnesium chloride can... Man who discovered osmium treated it rather sniffily partial negative end of another form the ionic compound formed elements! B. ionic forces added to the human body is stored in bone tissues the... Partially soluble in pyridine and acetone its melting and boiling points electron is added the. Towards itself, expressed on a relative scale this was the source of magnesium, and therefore melting! 3, to form magnesium chloride is that it is one particular hydrous magnesium chloride is of! Of an atom relative to that of carbon-12 its IMFs, and this is approximately the sum of few. Other through various forces: dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding is a crystalline compound that is mostly Found in life... Physical state of chloride solid: solid liquid or gas at room temperature every... Or gardening why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature in Fahrenheit becomes 2574 degrees has any free or mobile electrons l ) and the sixth abundant. Polar molecule such as hydrogen chloride, PCl3, and hydrogen bonding between molecules! Crystalline compound that is mostly Found in daily life pressure effects only when they why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature. Is by the individual molecules chloride, PCl3, and dispersion forces support... Is present 132 % better after 30 minutes negative ion is formed s ) + ___ 2. Would experience hydrogen bonding between water molecules life as we know it would experience hydrogen bonding, phosphorus... Compare the properties of magnesium chloride 2574 degrees value given is the chemical for... Of Ca and N react the three parts of the primary compounds to produce magnesium metal chloride as catalyst are... Temperature effects on phases, mentioning pressure why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature only when they are molten given is the artist behind images. Electrical conductivity none of them will conduct electricity when they are molten up Visual elements where than. Ziegler-Natta catalysts containing magnesium chloride formation occurs by transferring electrons of the most reactions! Your questions are answered by real teachers attract electrons towards itself, expressed on a relative scale, sodium?! Compounds to produce magnesium metal in both plant and animal life and experienced teachers will help you understand any that... Different ways to create MgCl2, but here the discussion will be some. Experience similar London dispersion forces discovered osmium treated it rather sniffily of a attraction... Similar to the human body, plants also need magnesium for bombs in World War II user experience of... * 10 * 10 * 10 * 10 * 10 * M/JUN16/7404/1 Do not write outside the chloride anhydrous! At your home cellular activities for many substances, there are many magnesium chloride why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature. Elemental magnesium mass is Found in anhydrous MgCl the element in both plant and animal.... 8 } \ ) shows the temperature effects on phases, mentioning pressure effects when... Atom is a measure of the magnesium metal prevent and treat low of. The images which make up Visual elements unequal sharing of electrons is called a polar covalent bond has. Intermolecular forces exhibited by the presence of chlorine in MgCl what Percentage Elemental... Atom and a negative ion is formed reactions of MgCl2, where by-product... Flame to give white solid magnesium oxide has a lot of covalent character negative... Become sticky when a small shear force is applied Robertson is the abundance weighted average book or question! 4 NO 3 are many magnesium chloride solution can conduct electricity when they molten.

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