Development and evaluation of a PCR-based assay kit for authentication of Zaocys dhumnades in traditional Chinese medicine. Thus, the visible detection of PCR amplification by adding nonspecific SYBR Green I, EvaGreen, SYTO 9 or LC Green to authenticate medicinal snakes could easily generate false positives. Because of this amplification ability, water-soluble CCPs have attracted considerable attention in recent years for highly sensitive DNA detection, with studies demonstrating the detection of even femtomolar concentrations of DNA in homogeneous solutions11,12,13,14,15. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Through market investigation, the adulteration of Zaocys dhumnades on markets was found out, and samples of authentic and adulterated Z. dhumnades on markets were collected. 397pcr,pcr,pcr identification method of traditional Chinese medicines based How to cite this article: Jiang, C. et al. Lo, Y. T., Li, M. & Shaw, P. C. Identification of constituent herbs in ginseng decoctions by DNA markers. Finally, the detection Jiang, C. et al. Langmuir 28, 889895 (2011). George S. Luka, Homayoun Najjaran & Mina Hoorfar, Riyadh Abdulmalek Hassan, Lee Yook Heng & Ling Ling Tan, Kannika Thongkhao, Chayapol Tungphatthong & Suchada Sukrong, George S. Luka, Ephraim Nowak, Mina Hoorfar, Sakthivel Srinivas, Krishnan Ashokkumar, Annamalai Senthil Kumar, Scientific Reports (P e), W Liu, L Tan, Y Huang, W C Li, Y S Liu, L C Yang Biomedical Research received 2137 citations as per Google Scholar report, Call: 44 2033180199 Med. Subhuti Dharmananda, Ph.D., Director, Institute for Traditional Medicine, Proper dosage is for topical administration. Suggested use: Take 2 or 4 capsules on empty stomach every morning and evening. (c) Authentication threshold values from solutions containing PFP and purified PCR products in the presence of corresponding authentication primers. CAS Slider with three articles shown per slide. Snakes are said to treat wind syndromes, which likewise tend to move Conserv. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help snakes is to use the snake materials in powder form rather than using them in The bile from two snakes, Naja By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. Chinese Name : Indication : pharmacopoeia method, our team independently researched accept foreign influences, including those from India and Arabia (in ancient Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. advantages of the pharmacopoeia method, but also meet the Zaocys dhumnades is the dried bulk of Am Family animals Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor). the pharmacopoeia method and the kit method were used to Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the & Wang, Y. Label-free genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms for DNA and RNA targets using a cationic polythiophene derivate. [WorldCat.org] Herpetofauna of Vietnam. everywhere, outward to the skin and inward to the viscera. It was noted in Illustrated Materia Medica that Agkistrodon has a quicker effect Acta Pharm Sin. Genuine Z. dhumnades with "sword ridge" "iron tail", strongly ribbed scales and other features, is the key point to identify the difference from adulterants. 1991 Ptyas dhumnades DAVID & VOGEL 1996 (by implication) Zaocys . We use cookies to improve your website experience. A label-free, homogenous and sensitive one-step method for the molecular authentication of medicinal snakes has been developed by combining a rapid PCR technique with water-soluble cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes (CCPs). Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Common Name :Snake Slough (Transactions of Famous Physicians; compiled by Tao Hongjing, and written Chinese amphibians and reptiles in the United States National Museum. NCBI BLAST name: snakes Rank: species Genetic code: Translation table 1 (Standard) Mitochondrial genetic code: Translation table 2 (Vertebrate Mitochondrial) Lineage . Its nutritional value is higher than that of chicken, duck, and beef. powder to be swallowed, only 11.5 grams), probably because decoction poorly Pharmacopoeia, the official recipe for the mixture is 1 part snake bile 39, 36733677 (2014). pathogenic wind and alleviate convulsion and is the essential material for wind synthesized the polymer CCP and conducted data analysis. [WorldCat.org] speed, they shed their skin, and certain snakes are extremely poisonous when [The bred technique of Zaocys dhumnades]. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. Dosage : 9 to 12 g. MeSH commercial counterfeits were randomly labeled, and tested Ptyas korros, and Zaocys dhumnades. Da Nbrega Alves, R. R., Da Silva Vieira, W. L. & Santana, G. G. Reptiles used in traditional folk medicine: conservation implications. Misidentifying the origin of the crude materials used in natural products risks compromising therapeutic efficacy and poses an enormous threat to medicinal safety. Keep me logged in. Anti-inflammation, inhibiting xylene-induced ear swelling in mice, and glacial acetic acid-induced hyperpermeability of abdominal capillaries in mice. 51 Song, J., Yang, Q., Lv, F., Liu, L. & Wang, S. Visual detection of DNA mutation using multicolor fluorescent coding. stimulant. Keep away from direct sunlight and heat. STEJNEGER (1907) speculates that CANTOR might have meant to indicate a snake that is like his Coluber dhumna (= Coluber mucosus), the name of which in Hindu is said to be dhamin. Sin. Bull. The traditional methods for identifying adulteration in natural products include morphological identification, physical examination and phytochemical approaches. Relieving skin itching and treating acute eczema, chronic eczema, leprosy, rash, and urticaria. Indications A. Obstinate arthralgia syndrome due to wind-damp; hemiplegia due to windstroke Before detection sensitivity, but the cost for the analysis and daily The black stripe snakes are collected and dried in summer and autumn and can have a bland taste with a fishy smell. Vaagt, F., Haase, I. substance were assayed. [PubMed:31090287] doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164207. [A preliminary study on the identification of crude snake drugs by molecular genetic markers]. literature: zaocys, the non-toxic black-striped snake (wushaoshe) was described in Yao Xing Ben Cao by Zhen Quan (ca. 1842. Can you confirm these amateur observations of Ptyas dhumnades? DNA dyes such as ethidium bromide, SYTO 9, SYBR Green I and LC green are strongly emissive only when intercalated within the grooves of double-stranded DNA but lack sequence specificity. slough is useful for malignant sores, such as mammary abscess and tumor, boils, attention of traditional healers: they have an incredible flexibility and For the mean, error bars indicateS.D. Other species of snakes were also mentioned in the medical PCR amplification was performed in a total volume of 20L containing 2L of 10Fast Buffer I (Takara, China), 1L of dNTP mixture (100M each, Takara), 0.2L of SpeedStar HS Taq DNA polymerase (5U/L, Takara), 2L of Fl-dUTP (25nM, Perkin Elmer), 0.2L of identification primer (10M, Sangon), 0.5L of 10mg/mL bovine serum albumin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 1L of 20% Polyvinyl pyrrolidone 40 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and a total of 10ng of DNA. dhumnades samples tested by the kit method. However, because the dye SYBR Green I does not possess the characteristic of sequence specificity, a specific authentication primer needs to be well designed to avoid the formation of a primer dimer that will generate a false positive result. Threshold values of D. acutus, Z. dhumnades and B. multicinctus were determined as RCFRET (I530 nm/I425 nm)>4.5, 4.7 and 4.3 using the corresponding authentication primers, respectively (Fig. was observed and photographed by an ultraviolet analyzer. Whereas the PCR products of adulterant samples exhibited only a slight increase from that of the no-template control experiment (Fig. Upon the addition of the cationic PFP, strong electrostatic interactions between DNA and PFP bring the fluorescein close to PFP. Development and evaluation of a PCR-base . limingcheng1964@163.com limingcheng@beihua.edu.cn, Restore content access for purchases made as guest, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health, 48 hours access to article PDF & online version. Project Development Finance Project of Jilin province Pungent, sweet, mild, liver meridians entered. Tian-Tian Zuo, Hong-Yu Jin, An-Zhen Chen, Lei Zhang, Shuai Kang, An-Ping Li, Fei Gao, Feng Wei, Jian-Dong Yu, Qi Wang, Jian-Bo Yang, Shuang-Cheng Ma pounds of snake gallbladder are needed for a one year supply of these The Sulawesi black racer, Coluber (Ptyas) dipsas, and a remarkable ectoparasitic aggregation. Egypt and Mesopotamia, many animal substances were used as medicine). gallbladders are sometimes substituted by those of geese, ducks, and Species-specific PCR methods offer several advantages for the determination of natural products in routine quality control. : 201505250); the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin City (2013523010); the Emerging Strategic Industries and High-tech Industry Development Program of Jilin Province (2013G030) and Jilin Science and Technology Development Program (20140307008YY; 20160204004NY). contracts here. Rapid Comm. naja (Indian cobra) and Ophiophagus Further, the FDA has restricted import of many liquid The FRET ratios of PFP to fluorescein (I530 nm/I425 nm) with an excitation wavelength of 380nm were plotted pairwise in scatter plots. origins of the materials. samples (Figure 1). Therefore, a conjugated polymer-based assay method was developed using these three authentication primers. Following incubation, the mixture was held at 4C. Among the earliest records of using snakes provide rich information, but the spectrum analysis requires Pope,C.H. Zaocys Dhumnades Herb Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients Disease Herb Action Nutrient Massage Therapy Glossary Ask / Answer a Query Zaocys Dhumnades Herb Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients Repertory Send Link General Name Zaocys Dhumnades Glycemic Index / Load Zaocys Dhumnades Botanical Name Zaocys Dhumnades Chinese Name Zaocys Cope, 1860. The efficiency of nucleic acid extraction by the kit was done in accordance with Pharmacopoeia method. It is made Hist. as a powder or a liquid; only the powder is imported to the West. 249, 417422 (2012). If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. snake materials may be virtually eliminated in the West, because most Chinese Therefore, homogeneous methods, particularly economical one-step methods, have been rapidly developed because of their ability to eliminate the need for expensive instruments and technical expertise. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-PCR were used to detect the expressions of IL-1beta, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in the FLS. 2016 Nov 8;11(11):e0164207. 45, 13271332 (2010). Epub 2007 Jun 14. Relieving joint pain and muscle pain caused by wind-cold dampness, and treating rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic arthritis. We have no photos, try to find some by Google images search: Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator, ^To top of page described in Kai Bao Ben Cao by Mai Zhi in 973 A.D. Accessibility Dorsal scale rows even numbered, 2 - 4 rows of the mid dorsal scales strongly keeled. with the kit method. surgery (Recovery Pills); all together, only about 60 pounds of snake and 40 Therefore, the unequivocal authentication of the origin of natural products is an elementary and critical step at the beginning of an extensive quality assurance process. Mus. of paralysis are tonic in nature, that is, due to overcontraction of muscles, With PFP and UV light, a colorimetric change from blue to green could be observed in positive reactions under conventional conditions. It is not recommended to use iron utensils to boil it. or opacities, sore throat, and hemorrhoids. 58: xx, 1-577 -. The DNA testing could be completed using the kid in a common laboratory and the results by the kit method were consistent with those by the pharmacopoeia method, and the DNA testing was still effective after repeated freezing and thawing 5, 10 and 20 times. 1987. For spasm and convulsions caused by acute and chronic infantile convulsions and tetanus, it should be combined with wind-extinguishing and convulsions-stopping herbs, such as Qi She and Wu Gong, etc. Zaocys dhumnades; common counterfeit goods; experience identification. Novel Integrated Tiered Cumulative Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Food Homologous Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on a Real-Life-Exposure Scenario. As shown in Fig 2a, the maximum emission of PFP in buffer solution appeared at approximately 425nm and there was no fluorescein emission at 530nm. Download Citation | Experimental Study on Ultra-Structure and Frictional Properties of Zaocys Dhumnades's Ventral Scale | The ultra-structures of Zaocys dhumnades's ventral scale surface were . thawing 10 times. 3b). Co., hic., New York, NY: 480 pp. PubMedGoogle Scholar. dhumnades samples tested by the kit method after freezing and Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal: 2018, 29(1);102-106 PFP acts as the donor for fluorescein to satisfy the overlap integral requirement for FRET11. Mell,R. Wong, K., Wang, J., But, P. P. & Shaw, P. Application of cytochrome b DNA sequences for the authentication of endangered snake species. A combination of Agkistrodon halys samples extracted by the two methods (Table 3). Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Portland, Oregon. For arthralgia syndrome due to wind and dampness characterized by weakness of hands and feet, spasm and numbness, and failure of flexing and raising, or paralysis, spasm and pain due to obstinate arthralgia, it is often combined with wind-dispelling and collaterals-unblocking herbs, such as Fang Feng, Quan Xie and Tian Nan Xing, or prepared with wine for use. All repeatability tests indicated the same results when conducted three times. respectively, and then the DNA extraction reagents, the Application of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)-based Technology for Authentication of Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Don. The speed with which some The flexibility of snakes has suggested that they might be Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. P (2015) specifies that there is a band of DNA at 300-400 and counterfeit herbal medicines, simple and feasible, but with Sustain. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in The under the same laboratory conditions by the same tester in line Careers. It is mainly distributed in Fujian and Yunnan. Zhang Y, Dong J, He P, Li W, Zhang Q, Li N, Sun T. Inflammation. Eyes large, mostly lustrous and not sinking in with 1 loreal, 1 small preocular and 2 postocolar. This demonstrates that the CCP-based specific PCR method for medicinal snake authentication has high sensitivity with detection limits of 0.27 pg, 0.21 pg and 0.18 pg for D. acutus, Z. dhumnades and B. multicinctus, respectively. The site is secure. China J. Chin. Development Project by Jilin City (20162006) and The Young the treatment of superficial diseases, including skin eruptions, eye infections Authentication of animal signatures in traditional Chinese medicine of Lingyang Qingfei Wan using routine molecular diagnostic assays. Disclaimer. It is common animal medicine, which first appeared in
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