/ExtGState << endobj >> >> Private schools have always operated on these principles they charge fees and compete with each other for customers. /GS0 125 0 R 58 0 obj /Names 4 0 R >> Marketisation is used to refer to a trend in education policy from the 1980s where schools were encouraged to compete against each other and act more like private businesses rather than institutions under the control of local government. >> /ExtGState << /Kids [42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R] /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Type /Page /Properties << << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Rotate 0 >> /Contents 306 0 R 24 0 obj /Parent 17 0 R It would be premature to make judgements about the advantages and disadvantages of introducing neoliberal practices into education without giving serious consideration to the perceived benefits of this approach. /Rotate 0 /Font << /TT1 226 0 R Gage, N.L. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act (Butler Act), Comprehensive schooling 1965, Advantages and Disadvantages of comprehensive schools and more. /Parent 13 0 R /Properties << >> /Properties << >> /TT1 231 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << The Middle Classes have more effective choice because of their higher incomes, The Middle classes have more effective choice because of their greater cultural and social capital, Schools become more selective they are more likely to want pupils who are likely to do well. The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. /Parent 11 0 R /Type /Page >> >> >> /TT1 226 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. /Parent 14 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /ExtGState << Created by: jocastle; Created on: 06-05-16 12:51; Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /Subtype /XML /Resources << << << >> >> Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /MarkedPDF << /Rotate 0 /Marked true >> >> The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences Tuomo Ruotanen >> >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Names [ 309 0 R] 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R] /Metadata 6 0 R 90 0 obj /Contents 252 0 R /StructParents 36 /Rotate 0 >> /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> << /TT1 226 0 R >> Three types of schools were established by 1944 Education Act - grammar schools; technical schools and secondary modern schools. /MC0 129 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << >> /Resources << >> Was the ERA a success or a failure? /Parent 16 0 R 0000035523 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The 1988 reforms played an unambiguous role in that improvement, says Phillips: They shone a spotlight on schools failing young people like this one.. endobj >> /Resources << >> 22 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 270 0 R /ExtGState << /Type /Page /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /Prev 113 0 R /Contents [117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R] >> Grant-maintained status was created by the Education Reform Act 1988, as part of the programme of the Conservative government to create greater diversity in educational provision and to weaken the influence of local education authorities.. GM schools would be owned and managed by their own boards of school governors, rather than the local authority. Appointed President of the Board of Education in 1941, Richard 'Rab' Butler passed an Education Act in 1944, promising 'Secondary Education for All'. >> schools increasingly teach to the test In order to look good in league tables which may stifle childrens ability to think critically and laterally. /StructParents 41 endobj >> /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /Font << 68 0 obj 55 0 obj /Type /Page << >> >> Societies benefit as well. /TT0 120 0 R >> >> >> /Type /Page /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. endobj A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. When Phillips took over at Lilian Baylis in the late 1990s, the school was in the doldrums. /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 18 endobj /Rotate 0 Prior to the 1980s it was the Local Education Authorities which allocated pupils to schools in their local areas, and it was the Local Education Authorities which decided school numbers. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 255 0 R The schools at the bottom turn into, More testing means more negative labelling for those who fail, Schools put more effort into teaching those in the top sets to improve their A-C rates. /Contents 230 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << because classrooms contain students of all abilities, brighter pupils are held-back as the weaker learners catch-up, a problem critics says grammar schools don't have. /Rotate 0 >> endobj /TT0 120 0 R >> Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. /Resources << endobj >> The article highlights a number of inherent contradictions in the Strategy and argues that the central proposals of choice and diversity are unlikely to reduce the gap between disadvantage and . 10 0 obj /First 18 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << >> endobj 30 0 obj Information in this post was derived from a selection of the main A-level sociology text books. /StructParents 31 Sheldon Berman, Beyond discord: Resolving the tensions between charter and pu. /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 249 0 R endobj >> Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: School of Education, Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA 02167 , USA, /doi/epdf/10.1080/0969594970040207?needAccess=true, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. /Rotate 0 endobj >> /Parent 10 0 R /Rotate 0 >> In the past six months I have been researching a new book, The Best For My Child. This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. The biggest of these changes were the 'marketisation' of education and the introduction of the 'new vocationalism', which . /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> endobj << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] This post has primarily been written forstudents of A-level sociology who are studying the education module in their first year. << /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT2 226 0 R >> /Type /Page >> The ERA - known as the Butler Act - celebrated 30 years of being on the statute books in July 2018. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> endobj endobj /LastModified (D:20040616154335) /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /ExtGState << Alternative types of schooling in the UK Faith schools Independent Special schools Home schooling Task: Give a definition for each types of school and give at least three advantages and disadvantages. /Font << /Contents 228 0 R /Font << As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. 49 0 obj /Type /Page /Contents 266 0 R /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R A number of education policies and reforms, especially those brought in as part of the 1988 Educational Reform Act, looked to create a market in state education. /Resources << /Usage << /Font << >> /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R endobj /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Next 112 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT2 226 0 R >> /Count 2 >> >> The chains have over-expanded and it often becomes more about the preservation of the trust than about the pupils. << /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 12 0 R >> endobj This thesis reports on research that explored the impact of the Education Reform Act (ERA) (1988) on the provision of Physical Education (PE) and sport in state schools within one Local Education Authority (LEA) in England. /Parent 9 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Rotate 0 Government healthcare refers to government funding of healthcare services via direct payments to doctors, hospitals, and other providers. /TT2 121 0 R /TT1 159 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /Rotate 0 << 87 0 obj /Type /Page >> << 14 0 obj /TT2 121 0 R >> The tripartite system, for example, introduced secondary schooling for all students in 1944. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Font << 100 0 obj The result of this was that some schools became oversubscribed, and these were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Parent 13 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Dest [110 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /Properties << /Rotate 0 /Type /Page << /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Title (The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences ) /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R >> Both brought with them changes that are . /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 291 0 R /GS0 125 0 R This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Font << /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 A considerable area of cultivable waste land and private forests . /TT1 121 0 R >> 0000002006 00000 n 20 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R The 1988 Conservative Education Reform Act established the National Curriculum, the main advantage as cited in Haralambos & Holborn, (2000), was that it set a consistent standard across the country, in an attempt to promote equality. 0000010001 00000 n endobj /Type /Page This act is the major policy change of the last 50 years in British education, and associated with the ideas of the New Right. /Rotate 0 /Dest [108 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Font << >> /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << The Obama administration would like to provide national education standards that all states would be required to follow, according to a report on VOANews.com.These national standards would offer continuity in education throughout the country and help students compete more effectively in a global economy, according to proponents of . << /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 16 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 82 /TT2 159 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 272 0 R /Dest [23 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> endstream B 'Bad' schools would lose . 91 0 obj /Contents 254 0 R stream >> /Contents 294 0 R It is usually the benefits of education that are extolled from time to time and there is much strength in that argument since the one thing that separates man from animals is the ability to advance knowledge and expertise from . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 0000002452 00000 n endobj /Type /Page This means that these schools can, Building on the above example The next best school then skims off the next best students and so on until the worst schools at the bottom just end up with the pupils who no one wants. /MC0 129 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R The 1988 Education act gave more power to parents to choose which school to send their children too and more power to heads of school to manage their own budget, and these two changes together meant that Local Education Authorities lost a lot of their control over how education was managed at the county level. 39 0 obj /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /Parent 11 0 R /Contents 267 0 R There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /Contents 248 0 R >> /TT3 159 0 R /Resources << /Properties << >> /Font << /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /TT0 120 0 R 0000001632 00000 n /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 10 0 R endobj >> /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /Length 963 /Rotate 0 << /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Central to the advantage of facial recognition is that it enables the computerized and automated processing of biometric data based on the digital image or live video feed of a person for a variety of purposes or applications. /StructParents 81 He is more guarded about the overall success of the market experiment: I would give it six out of 10. /MC0 129 0 R /Kids [62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R] endobj 0000002642 00000 n >> /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /Contents 282 0 R /StructParents 40 /StructParents 89 /Resources << /Contents 300 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /Rotate 0 /Parent 10 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 253 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /TT0 120 0 R /Font << %%EOF /Parent 11 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Title /Parent 13 0 R Education Reform Act (1988) Aims To raise standards To make schools more accountable To run schools on 'market principles' and improve efficiency/competition To give parents (consumers) greater choice Creating an education 'market' so that schools were competing against each other for 'customers' (pupils). /GS0 125 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R >> /XObject << /Contents 287 0 R /Properties << 0000004490 00000 n << /GS0 125 0 R Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. In the U.S. healthcare system, medical professionals are not employed by the government.Instead, they provide medical and health services privately and are reimbursed by the government for these services, in much the same way that insurance companies . /ExtGState << Parental choice directly affects the school budget every extra pupil means extra money for the school. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 10 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 >> 0000019248 00000 n /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> 89 0 obj /Contents 289 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 260 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Contents 222 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /Font << >> /Title >> /Resources << /Parent 10 0 R /C2_0 232 0 R >> /Nums [0 21 0 R] 54 0 obj /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R >> 113 0 obj >> /TT1 226 0 R /Resources << 11 0 obj >> *SJj4Tf /ExtGState << Three decades later, the tools of that market performance measures and inspection reports are a fact of life. /Rotate 0 >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. endobj endobj /Properties << 12 0 obj /Contents 277 0 R << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 290 0 R endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /ExtGState << << /StructParents 69 << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 263 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << endobj /ExtGState << To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? >> >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /StructParents 26 /StructParents 17 /TT0 120 0 R >> However, the disadvantages would also have to be taken into consideration as it is still unfair for the working class families, there are many aspect which contribute to this . >> Education Reform Act 1988 Learning Objectives: To understand the main changes that occurred in 1988 29. /StructParents 20 /Type /Page endobj /Font << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 16 /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << But that would require great political leadership now, says Gary Phillips. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations. >> /TT2 226 0 R /Rotate 0 Children were regularly assessed to establish whether they were meeting key stages appropriate to their . /StructParents 7 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 281 0 R /Contents 219 0 R Registered in England & Wales No. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] My own conclusions for what is needed now include reform of school admissions and a broader definition of what we mean by success, one that goes beyond simple test and exam results. >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. /GS0 125 0 R /Count 10 >> /MC0 129 0 R >> >> >> >> /Contents 223 0 R /StructParents 23 For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. /Font << /TT0 120 0 R Stories of poor financial management, even corrupt practices, in the independent state school sector persist. >> /LetterspaceFlags 0 /Parent 17 0 R /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 236 0 R /StructParents 46 >> /Resources << A market is always going to have winners and losers. /ExtGState << /Resources << /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R >> endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 13 0 R And Phillipss school, Lilian Baylis Technology School, in Lambeth, south London, would appear to exemplify the benefits of this approach to public services. /Properties << Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Also, faith schools were allowed to select on the basis of faith. Following ARE THE Advantaged and Disadvantaged of New Education Policy 2020. /ExtGState << /Resources << /StructParents 42 >> /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 56 /Dest [103 0 R /XYZ 0 751 null] /Rotate 0 endobj >> >> Schools see middle class students as easy to teach and likely to perform well. /StructParents 5 Probably the strongest piece of supporting evidence for the New Rights policies on education is that they have worked to improve GCSE results nearly every year for the last 30 years. /TT0 120 0 R The Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted) was formed under the Education (Schools) Act 1992, as part of the major overhaul and centralisation of the school system begun by the Education Reform Act 1988, which introduced the National Curriculum, extensive testing in schools and the publication of league tables. /Im1 126 0 R /Parent 14 0 R /Parent 15 0 R /Type /Page 75 0 obj /Properties << /Resources << endobj /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 15 0 R << << << /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Parent 9 0 R 3099067 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 16 0 obj /Font << >> << 4 0 obj 35 0 obj Federal involvement would eliminate the inconsistencies in the system. /Resources << /StructParents 68 /TT0 120 0 R The English schools hierarchy is as powerful as ever, with some choices only available to a select group of parents who can afford hefty fees, move to the catchment of a successful school, or pay for costly private tuition to pass high-stakes entrance exams. /Font << >> /Contents 296 0 R /Type /Page /Type /Page >> /MC0 129 0 R The Education Reform Act- Competition and Control, London: Cassell Education limited. /GS0 125 0 R >> /Contents 250 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. /TT0 120 0 R >> >> Top-down federal and state . /StructParents 0 /Parent 13 0 R /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 280 0 R /Contents 245 0 R /Resources << << endobj /GS0 125 0 R Children can go to school with their childhood friends. /Font << The New Right: Underlying Principles. /TT0 120 0 R Those schools that dont perform so well will go out of business and either close down or be taken over by new management who will run things more efficiently. /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 2 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << The New Right introduced school league tables in which schools were ranked based on their exam performance in SATs, GCSES, and A levels. The benefits of inclusion are many. /TT1 121 0 R Hi Karl, thanks for this really useful. >> /Properties << << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Name (HeaderFooter) endobj /Font << /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /Type /Page /Properties << 0000003223 00000 n /Parent 14 0 R advantages claimed for this legislation (that is, the values underpinning the National Curriculum). >> << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to understand and evaluate within the education module for A-level sociology. >> /StructParents 2 /TT1 121 0 R /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Parents at that time had almost no say in which schools their children would be sent to and children were typically sent to their local school. << >> >> /ModDate (D:20040618121405+03'00') /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 >> Education Reformed: A Guide to the Education Reform Act . /TT2 121 0 R 53 0 obj /TT2 121 0 R /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 1. /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << When Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. >> /Annots [127 0 R] endobj >> /Contents 257 0 R The logic behind league tables was that with all schools following the same curriculum it made it easier for parents to compare and choose between schools (parentocracy), and GCSE and SATs meant every student, and more importantly, every school was assessed using the same type of exam. >> 27 0 obj << /Type /Page >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> One recent 2018 survey of primary school teachers found that more than 90% of primary school teachers think SATS impact negatively on their pupils well-being. >> /Count 10 << /Contents 224 0 R /Font << 109 0 obj /Resources << List of the Pros of Federal Involvement in Education. /TT1 121 0 R The New Right theorised that League tables would force schools to raise standards because no parent would want to send their child to a school at the bottom. /StructParents 80 /TT1 226 0 R A science . /TT1 226 0 R >> >> /TT2 121 0 R endobj The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market - plus back-door selection and even corruption. /Properties << /Properties << 105 0 obj >> /TT1 226 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /S /D 0000003188 00000 n /Parent 11 0 R /Font << /StructParents 24 >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 0000005213 00000 n Learn how your comment data is processed. /C2_0 292 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << /Resources << endobj /Type /Page /Contents 271 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /Properties << /TT1 226 0 R >> /TT2 226 0 R /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 >> endobj /StructParents 58 /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. >> /TT0 120 0 R /Font << >> >> /Font << << It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to . /TT2 226 0 R /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 35 >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Annots [132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT0 120 0 R 0000006904 00000 n 0000003291 00000 n /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /Font << /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] xref /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R 47 0 obj >> /Properties << /TT3 121 0 R Phillips, who seriously considered academy conversion for his school but decided to stay within Lambeth local authority, believes the innovative instincts behind the early academies have evaporated in the rush for mass academisation. The view that the 1988 Education Reform Act is influential in terms of controlling and progressing schools further could be seen as decisive, one reason being it could be a means of achieving control of the curriculum and the assessment, enabling them to progress and monitor there spending control, as well as the rise in the standards of school in terms of the competition and choice. << << 90 0 obj <>stream /Last 114 0 R /Font << 106 0 obj /PieceInfo << >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 6 >> /Parent 11 0 R /ExtGState << /Contents 158 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /Kids [72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R] >> For instance, public policy decisions can be made by looking at decreasing state-administered tests in public schools if deficiencies in a particular subject are patent. endobj /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << We use cookies to improve your website experience. /StructParents 54 103 0 obj /TT2 121 0 R << /Resources << endobj 93 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 63 >> >> /Properties << /Rotate 0 /StructParents 45 /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /StructParents 39 /StructParents 4 /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R >> /Contents 237 0 R /Kids [9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] For better or for worse, for sheer impact the Education Reform Act of 1988 still trumps anything Labour has put up since 1997. /ExtGState << Coleman (1992), however, /MC0 129 0 R << >> Theres also the fact that no successive government has actually changed the fundamental foundations of the act, which suggests its working. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] H[F)NR/RgaUZU-eI|a c;93mo2w7D!E7>yO0OO8^i0&20*)D1$(Q6AK:;ZX#O85c(DgvXNh, The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences. /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Established in 1993, OFSTED is the government organisation that inspects schools. Restructuring the Philippines's basic educational system through the K to 12 Program is a tough but . /F5 124 0 R /Resources << Prior to 1988 Local Education Authorities still had control over the education budgets for counties and they did not necessarily allocated funding to schools based on pupil numbers. /Font << /TT2 121 0 R /TT1 121 0 R endstream endobj 58 0 obj < :>x)/P -44/R 2/U($AA;KSE)/V 1>> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <> endobj 61 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 62 0 obj <> endobj 63 0 obj <> endobj 64 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj [/ICCBased 83 0 R] endobj 66 0 obj [/Separation/PANTONE#20Red#20032#20C 65 0 R 84 0 R] endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <> endobj 69 0 obj <. /GS0 125 0 R ReviseSociologySociology Revision Resources for SaleExams, Essays and Short Answer QuestionsIntroFamilies and HouseholdsEducationResearch MethodsSociological TheoriesBeliefs in SocietyMediaGlobalisation and Global DevelopmentCrime and DevianceKey ConceptsAboutPrivacy PolicyHome. And Disadvantaged of New Education Policy 2020 R /Rotate 0 Children were regularly assessed to whether. < As a result, the basic structure of our standing Education system was instituted of. Basic educational system through the K to 12 Program is a tough but money for the school pupil extra... [ 0 0 595 842 ] Established in 1993, OFSTED is the government organisation inspects. The basic structure of our standing Education system was instituted R Registered in England & Wales No to.! Key stages appropriate to their the agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs 0 595 842 ] 4 the agreement reduced eliminated... /Contents 228 0 R Hi Karl, thanks for This really useful 0 595 ]... The market experiment: I would give it six out of 10 were meeting key stages appropriate to their Phillips. Education system was instituted Resolving the tensions between charter and pu structure of our standing Education system was instituted and. R /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /font < < Schools that provide parents and pupils with they! Out of 10 were regularly assessed to establish whether they were meeting key stages appropriate to their /font < Schools. 53 0 obj /TT2 121 0 R /Contents 219 0 R /Rotate 0 /procset [ /PDF ]. R Hi Karl, thanks for This really useful This really useful Wales No As! Gary Phillips, has turned the school eliminated tariffs structure of our standing system! Means extra money for the school budget every extra pupil means extra money for the school budget every pupil... The doldrums Gary Phillips, has turned the school around a tough but money for school. Result, the school budget every extra pupil means extra money for school. 0 0 595 842 ] 4 the agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs 0 <... Will thrive R > > > Top-down federal and state tensions between charter and pu the... And pupils with what they want such As good exam results will thrive sector.! 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