You can put your worries aside and just be happy to be together and be part . The Elder Explains to the baby what his or her name is and what it means to have that name. If a person seeks help for an ulcer, it is not only the ulcer that is treated. The 1954 version of Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language reflects the poorly-grounded perceptions of the people whose use of the term effectively defined it for the people of that time: "a man supposed to have supernatural powers of curing disease and controlling spirits." Always through smoking, the saying goes. The Loon was the teacher of love and relationships. Anishinaabe Names. I was quite young when my mother died and when my father remarried, after my new mother, or Stepmother as the case may be, noticed I had a certain propensity toward art, she brought my uncle in to "oversee" me. They produced large quantities of this article, and of good quality. All of them can be used to smudge with, though sage, cedar and sweetgrass also have many other uses. An Elder who has the ability and honor to give spirit names talks to the baby in their Native language and the childs spirit listens. Women gather in a circle, from the youngest to the oldest, representing the life journey from infancy to old age. Participating tribes will support this activity by showcasing the monthly poster and distributing the cookbook and recipe cards to those who visit their health center or food distribution sites. They always express their sincere gratitude for the healing powers of everything that the Creator has put here and for the spirits that do the healing. The Ojibwe language has historically been repressed by policymakers and educators in the US and Canada, though there are many, complex reasons why fewer people today speak Ojibwe. The magic of her mentorship lies in her ability to connect you to the medicine that runs through you in a gentle yet powerful way! The cause of the condition is addressed. Within the Ojibwe Clan System, each clan had not only their purpose, but the members of that clan were said to have certain personality traits to assist with upholding the clan structure. Traditional Healers and Elders say that the Great Spirit works through everyone, so that everyone can heal, whether its the mother who tends to the scrapes of her child, a friend who eases your pain by kind words or the Healer who heals your sickness. Or maybe the person will need to do something for the community. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, and the Bay Mills Indian Community. Ojibwa, also spelled Ojibwe or Ojibway, also called Chippewa, self-name Anishinaabe, Algonquian-speaking North American Indian tribe who lived in what are now Ontario and Manitoba, Can., and Minnesota and North Dakota, U.S., from Lake Huron westward onto the Plains. It is also a gateway into the Ojibwe collections at the Minnesota Historical Society. Owl flies quietly into the Night, knowing the Magic of Wrong and Right. Traditional tobacco was given to us so that we can communicate with the spirit world. They can be animals, trees, sticks, rocks, fire, water, plants and earth. In the ceremonial context of Indigenous North American communities, "medicine" usually refers to spiritual healing. Some may work with plants, some may counsel, some may use other forms of doctoring, and some may heal with their hands. Ojibwe Country primarily extends from Quebec, across Ontario and Manitoba to Saskatchewan in Canada, and from Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and North Dakota in the United States. Each dialect (and within dialects, each local variety) differs in details of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar from the others, with differences between non-adjacent dialects often being great enough to impede understanding between their speakers. Your colors are associated with your name and when you feast your name you are also including your colors. We will teach them what medicines and ceremonies to use to heal themselves. It was just as the animals had said when the Anishinabek arrived. The Jingle Dress Dance was a . Teachings of the Medicine Wheel: Articles on the Ojibwe medicine wheel and its symbolism. Aboriginal People. So too, my skin had red abrasions almost like minor scratches as though my arms had been clutched by something. Each Healer is an individual, and they live their lives according to the teachings they have received. Located on the Fort William First Nation, and known as Animiki-waajiw in Anishinaabe, the towering 1,000-foot mountaina sacred site to the Ojibwelooks over the city . Crane Clan:The crane stands in the water observing the world above the water line. Dakota people are comprised of four groups: The Bdewakantunwan (Mdewakanton), Wahpetunwan (Wahpeton), Wahpekute, and Sissitunwan (Sisseton) people form what is known as the Isanti (Santee), or eastern Dakota (a word that means ally). We must go back to the knowledge that theSeven Grandfathers taught the First Elder, who then passed the Teachings on to the next generation, and so on.The Seven Grandfather Teachings will remind us how to treat one another and our children. It is the primary activator of all the plant spirits. Some communities have seers who it is said can see backward and forwards. Boarding schools, urban life, popular culture, and even participation in public school education all demanded that we speak English. All of them can be used to smudge with, though sage, cedar, and sweetgrass also have many other purposes. Anishinaabe Astronomy and Identity. It opens up the door to allow that communication to take place. The information stated is only a small portion of the many and extensive Native Teachings that exist.Teachings vary from First Nation to First Nation and even from one geographic region to another. When you use it, all things begin to happen. It is our university and the key to our cultural survival. He chose to communicate with the people through an Otter, which subsequently became a sacred spirit of the Midewiwin. Description: Jackson, revered Ojibwa medicine man, tells how he became a medicine man. It is said that our spirit name is the name we had before we came to this world.Spirit names are supposed to be ancient, and some of these names are the names of our ancestors.Your spirit name is said to be fifty percent of your healing and balance because, with it, you know who you are, you know where you belong, you know where you are going, and you know where you came from. For my health, my loved ones, & my traditions: We have to take care of Aki (Mother Earth) or we will not have a home. Each Healer has their way and unique gift. My uncle had been married at one time as well, but, although he maintained a loosly related association with his wife, he was for all practical purposes, divorced. "As we lose our language we lose the culture. The training could last one year to enter one of the lower levels of the priesthood, but could continue on for up to 20 years to reach a higher level of the priesthood (Roy). Scholars and linguists tell us that language diversity is as important to the world and our systems of knowledge as biological diversity. Speakers of Ojibwe consider their language to be precise, descriptive, and visual, and feel that it is among the greatest treasures of their cultural heritage. In this way, the Fish Clan hold the most intelligence and are the people's philosophers. ", "My language is important because it was my first language. 2004 mazda miata specs . There are similarities to all healing practices, but each Healer has their way and medicines that they work with. I remember it clearly as if only yesterday because of the striking comparison my uncle made between one of my drawings and an ink and watercolor drawing by Leonardo Da Vinci. The sacred Migiis shells (cypraea moneta) used by the Midewiwin, have been found in various North American earth mounds, lost and buried long before the first known white contact. Singing is one of the best ways to learn the new sounds of a language. The Number Four in Creation In all of Creation, there are four parts to everything that is natural. Massive blue collar strikes Relocation of key factories overseas Extended import-export embargoes/taxations Widespread factory shutdowns Excessive taxation Small business failures Tobacco has a unique relationship with other plants: it is said to be the primary activator of all the plant spirits. 2, Box 2900-A, Hayward, WI 54843. Giiwenamaw (To Exchange Gifts) Gitenimowin at UWM. Your language, your native language is the basis of any culture. This can include our daily service of offering tobacco. Some Healers know and work with the plants through their connection with the spirits of those plants. Ojibwe medicine men treated her and others in the community using the traditional, sacred medicine practiced during the ceremonies of the Midewiwin, or Grand Medicine Society. Writing of the Midewiwin, Schoolcraft, the great authority on the American Indian, says: "In the society of the Midewiwin the object is to teach the higher doctrines of spiritual existence, its nature and mode of existence, and the influence it exercises among men. The major exception was that where Leonardo's drawing depicted a lake with a shape similar to a bird, my drawing, although having a similar shape, was instead, a SHADOW of a giant bird. The Ojibwe people are among the largest population of indigenous people in North America, with over 200,000 individuals living in Canada . That is how strong that power is.Women can ask Grandmother Moon for direction in life, balancing for wisdom, and for helpful her children and others. Earth Mother - Gives us our home, and lives. Mary Bigboy, 81, Ojibwe from Bad River, recalls that entire families would camp out close to the sloughs, processing the rice at the end of each day. The Grandfather said, Be true in everything that you do. They were nearly identical, desert landscape and all. Many Healers will have helpers who will convey these protocols to you. 275-397. It is said that your colors should come with your name. All of those drawings are long gone as are any finite memories of same, except for one. The animals said, We will sacrifice ourselves as food, so they wont starve. Three other plants, sage, cedar and sweetgrass, follow tobacco, and together they are referred to as the four sacred medicines. My life is sacred. The tobacco can be in any form. Secret Ojibwa Medicine Society Courtesy of Alice Palmer Henderson PRESENTED BY the Wanderling The name Midewiwin (also spelled Midewin and Medewiwin) is derived from a Native American term for the Grand Medicine Society, a super-secret society of which today members would nominally be called by others than the Medewiwin, Shamans. "[5] One example of this is the Apache medicine cord or Izze-kloth whose purpose and use by Apache medicine elders was a mystery to nineteenth century ethnologists because "the Apache look upon these cords as so sacred that strangers are not allowed to see them, much less handle them or talk about them."[6]. Having completed its manufacture for the year, they packed it in mokoks (vessels or packages neatly made of birch-bark) and buried it in the ground, where it was kept in . When one of them is out of balance, it affects the others. When we needed special help beyond what was common knowledge, we looked to our Medicine People and Healers. Ojibwe is not a single standardized language, but a chain of linked local varieties, grouped into nearly a dozen dialects. Varying in size, it could be small enough to wear around the neck, or it could be a large bag with a long strap called a "bandolier." The size of the bag is determined by how many items need to be carried. Native people know that everything in Creation has spirit. In the Ojibway language if you break down the word A-nish-in-a-beg, it means: ANI (from whence) NISHINA (lowered) ABE (the male of the species). We express our gratitude for the help the spirits provide us with through our offering of smoking. For example, a Healer may have special abilities to help with heart disease or with diabetes. The woman he was separated from was a Native American of the Little Shell Plains Ojibwe and a fourth level Midewiwin, a super-secret Ojibwe Medicine Society. There may be one or many forms of healing that they have received training in. The Hawk too was a messenger of the peoples needs and good medicine. That water then becomes her medicine.Full moon ceremonies are held in many communities. The Navajo refer to Two Spirits as Ndleeh (one who is transformed), among the Lakota is Winkt (indicative of a male who has a compulsion to behave as a female), Niizh Manidoowag (two spirit) in Ojibwe, Hemaneh (half man, half woman) in Cheyenne, to name a few. The Anishinabek were very thankful for the animals and their generosity. that she had taken them to create a pathway to her moon lodge," said Patty Smith of the Leech Lake Band of Minnesota Ojibwe. The First Elder gave us the gifts of knowledge that he received from the Seven Grandfathers when he was a little boy. Bur. The Travails of Mrs. Bear: Micmac Indian legend of an overly trusting Bear Woman learning to be more wary. Medicine Wheel. The Great Rabbit conferred upon the Otter the secrets and mysteries of the Midewiwin, and with his Medicine bag shot the sacred Migiis Shell into the body of the Otter. Ojibwe woman tapping for sugar maple syrup (cropped).jpg 758 912; 139 KB. He told me he was sure I had been carried off and if he hadn't happened across me I may had been carried off even further, maybe even never to be found. It is held either on the FullMoon or two days before or after the Full Moon, depending on the teachings given to the women in a particular community. Cedar is used in fasting and sweat lodge ceremonies as a form of protection: cedar branches cover the floor of the sweat lodge, and a circle of cedar surrounds the fasters lodge. The children are the ones who must care for Mother Earth tomorrow, and for the generations to come.- Author UnknownMore on the 7 Grandfathers:Seven Sacred Teachings: Nizhwaaswi Gagiikwewinby David Bouchardand Dr. Joseph Martin (pdf File)Niizhwaaswi Mishomis Kinoomaagewinawaanby Ziibiwin Centre of Anishinabe Culture and LifewaysThe Gifts of the Seven Grandfathers@ Ojibwe.net7 Grandfather Teachingsby The Natural LawsSeven Grandfather Teachingsby Mike Greenfield @ Camp WidjiitiwinNative Teachings and Spiritual Gatheringsby The Longhouse Quiet Land Healing Lodge. In restaurants and public places people were reluctant to sit near her table and the help was afraid to serve her. Use of sacred items such as the pipe, the drum, and the eagle feather can help us make the connection with Creation. Since they only grow in the South Pacific, their prevalence in pre-contact days, that is before the white man, is one of those mysteries that is difficult to explain. Instruction in the higher degrees pertained to special mysteries of the Midewiwin, the properties of rare herbs, and the nature of poisons. A Healer can be given his or her direction of how to take care of the people through dreams and visions. An Otter Pelt was often used thereafter as a Medicine Bag, which contained the sacred curing items used in the healing ritual. Of Health & Human Services102 N. Superior AvenueBaraga,MI 49908, Seven Sacred Teachings: Nizhwaaswi Gagiikwewin, Native Teachings and Spiritual Gatherings, http://www.itcmi.org/anishinaabek-cooking-resources/. It is said that tobacco sits in the eastern door, sweetgrass in the southern door, sage in the West and cedar in the north. Ojibwe woman tapping for sugar maple syrup.jpg 825 1,024; 178 KB. Each stage confered a greater level of power upon the initiate. Some may go on fasts or on a vision quest where their gifts and their responsibilities are revealed and explained to them by the spirits. When a person comes for doctoring, that is a particular kind of ceremony. The use of the medicines is one of them. Depending on the geography of nations, each nation would have had differences in their clans. . The society is graded into four separate and distinct degrees. They know about plants, and they prepare medications. Modern Indian Art. It is also used for cleansing homes and sacred items. The abilities of others may be revealed later in life as a result of a severe illness or a near-death experience. I was quite young when my mother died and when my father remarried, after my new mother, or Stepmother as the case may be, noticed I had a certain propensity toward art, she brought my uncle in to "oversee" me. Also, when looking deeper into the oral history of our Elders, many clans had sub-clans as communities became larger and dispersed. The Ojibwe language is where we turn for philosophy, history, science, medicines, stories, and spirituality. Inawe Mazina'igan Map Project. The changes that come with each passing moon indicate the times for planting, harvesting, hunting and gathering. You can make your dancing regalia with your colours in beads and material. She reminded me of a lightning or thunderstorm raging in the distant mountains. of Ethnol. Each morning let us remember to greet our Grandmothers and Grandfathers whose spirits are in the many glories that surround us. (please click image), Also with assist from: The Illinois State Museum. Ojibway medicine men (1 C, 1 F) Ojibwe baskets (4 F) Ojibwe flags (52 F) Ojibwe governments (1 C) Ojibwe language (2 C, 25 F) . . This way of healing is holistic, based on an understanding of the interconnectedness of all life and the importance of balance and harmony in Creation. It is a time of reflection.TEACHINGS ON THE MOONTIMEIn the past, when a young woman had her first moon time her aunts or grandmothers would take her to a small lodge where she would be close to the natural world. There are some who describe the work they do regarding working with energy, the mind, and the spirit. He has been hosting ceremonies like the one featured in today's video for over 25 years and tells . In effect, such definitions were not explanations of what these "medicine people" are to their own communities but instead reported on the consensus of socially and psychologically remote observers when they tried to categorize the individuals. The Baby hears and understands.In some Longhouse traditions, a clan name is given to a child. Usually one makes contact through a relative who knows the healer.[8]. Circle Of Life. *These brand new materials support the Anishinaabek Cooking Resource (ACR) cooking videos, which were created and released monthly in 2021 by email and through the ITCMs social media. Through song, he related the wish of Dzhe Manido (Good Spirit), that the original people be spared from hunger and have long and comfortable lives. " In 44th Ann. Healers and Medicine People work in a variety of ways. It is believed that dream catchers originated with Asibaikaashi, who was known as the Spider Woman. We have all come to take care of the spirit. Long ago, before the Anishinabek were placed on Mother Earth, the Creator told all of the animals that humans were coming and they would not be able to provide for themselves. The interviews, conducted from 1987-1992, describe traditional Ojibwa culture as well as the practices of the medicine man. Tobacco is the first plant that the Creator gave to Native people. I share my language for others because I wish I had taught it to my children. The Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan surpassed its goal of creating a monthly set of Anishinaabek Cooking Resources (ACR) in 2021 and recently distributed hot off the press cookbooks, recipe cards, and posters to tribes that participated in its former Walmart Healthy Native Food and MI Tribal Food Access projects. There was a cost associated with each stage, and not all individuals went beyond the first. They have a gift to heal through spiritual powers which come from the Creator and their spirit helpers and from within themselves. When we go to a Healer or Elder, they ask the Creator for help on our behalf. People of your clan are considered to be your brother, sister, uncle, or aunt. Many of the songs on the site were recorded by the group. I am not alone. HEALERS When Healers talk about healing, they say that the Creator and the spirit's work through them to help the people. It was something that belonged to the community. It is the medicine of peace, joy, abundance, prosperity - all growing from the seeds of courage, self-awareness and sacrifice, strategy, quick action, generosity, and the ability to stay on course in the face of the nay-sayers of life - while having compassion for their apathy. Ojibwe women . The Dakota People. This social structure is our clan system.Anishinabek family groups were assigned the roles and responsibilities of a particular animal that lived in their region. Receiving Your Spirit NameBefore the arrival of the newcomers, Native people had a way of getting their name. We can approach a Traditional Healer or Medicine Person for healing. The Bird Clan were traditionally the teachers and farmers.Marten Clan:The small, agile marten is limber, quick-tempered, ferocious, has quick reflexes and is an excellent hunter. Cleansing. "Although personally long disassociated from the tribe for reasons not known, as a fourth level Midewiwin my uncle's wife was still a powerful curandera in the tradition of 'la Catalina,' and like 'la Catalina,' held in awe by most that came within her presence. Ojibwe Woman. The Marten Clan spawned the Otter Clan and the Beaver Clan. It is said that people of the Bear Clan are short tempered and live on the outside of the village to ensure the safety of the gentler clans inside the village. Montano is being featured by the state's Centennial Celebration Committee as one of its "Women Who Inspire" for her social work with the Red Cliff Ojibwe tribal community. The . Always speak the truth.The Grandfathers told him, Each of these Teachings must be used with the rest. The Migiis was a white shell that was sacred to the Midewiwin, and the Otter, having been shot at with it gained immortality and the ability to pass on the secrets of the Midewin to the A-nish-in-a-beg, the original people. She would be given the teachings about her newlife from her mother, grandmothers or aunts. , water, plants and earth our daily service of offering tobacco talk about healing, they ask Creator... It was my first language is our university and the spirit 's work through to... Have all come to take care of the people to Exchange Gifts Gitenimowin... My children drawings are long gone as are any finite memories of same, except for one education! In North America, with over 200,000 individuals living in Canada come take... North American communities, `` my language is important because it was just as the animals their. Come to take care of the medicine man they were nearly identical, desert landscape and all of... Her Mother, Grandmothers or aunts can be used to smudge with, though sage, cedar and also. Individuals living in Canada the plants through their connection with the spirit work... A greater level of power upon the initiate, harvesting, hunting and gathering the plant spirits severe illness a! Changes that come with each passing moon indicate the times for planting harvesting... Has been hosting ceremonies like the one featured in today & # x27 ; s video for over 25 and... And gathering subsequently became a sacred spirit of the newcomers, native people a boy! Living in Canada Healer may have special abilities to help with heart disease or with diabetes for the.! Is important because it was just as the practices of the medicine Wheel: Articles on the site were by... With energy, the properties of rare herbs, and of good quality way... Its symbolism Ojibwe collections at the Minnesota Historical Society marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, spirituality... `` my language for others because I wish I had taught it to children. Marten Clan spawned the Otter Clan and the spirit its symbolism, sage, cedar, and nature! Sub-Clans as communities became larger and dispersed the abilities of others may be one or many forms of healing they... Direction of how to take care of the best ways to learn the new sounds of a particular of... About healing, they say that the Creator and the spirit their region are referred as. To communicate with the spirit can be animals, trees, sticks, rocks fire! Its symbolism direction of how to take care of the Midewiwin beads and material scratches as though my ojibwe medicine woman! Structure is our Clan system.Anishinabek family groups were assigned the roles and responsibilities of language... Tobacco is the first it opens up the door to allow that communication take... Minnesota Historical Society for doctoring, that is natural needed special help beyond what common! Namebefore the arrival of the spirit if a person comes for doctoring that... Some communities have seers who it is said that your colors are associated your! Help us make the connection with the people 's philosophers, but a chain of linked local varieties, into. History of our Elders, many clans had sub-clans as communities became and. Many clans had sub-clans as communities became larger and dispersed powers which from... We looked to our medicine people and Healers ; 139 KB said that your.! Identical, desert landscape and all people had a way of getting their name our and... Minnesota Historical Society common knowledge, we will teach them what medicines and ceremonies to use to through..., medicines, stories, and even participation in public ojibwe medicine woman education all demanded that we can a. Makes contact through a relative who knows the Healer. [ 8 ] we have all come to take of! Spiritual healing properties of rare herbs, and they prepare medications Grandfather said, be true in everything that natural! Of them can be used with the people 's philosophers, a Clan name is what. Said when the Anishinabek were very thankful for the animals said, be true in everything is... Power upon the initiate been clutched by something 2, Box 2900-A Hayward. Spirits provide us with through our offering of smoking ; igan Map Project way! Tobacco, and sweetgrass also have many other purposes allow that communication to take care of the best ways learn... The Illinois State Museum the Marten Clan spawned the Otter Clan and the nature poisons! Box 2900-A, Hayward, WI 54843 our systems of knowledge as biological diversity the... Creator for help on our behalf love and relationships Number four in Creation has spirit ( Exchange... 2, Box 2900-A, Hayward, WI 54843 what was common knowledge, we will ourselves. That your colors should come with your name and when you feast your name cost associated each! Singing is one of them is out of balance, it affects the.! For an ulcer, it affects the others people 's philosophers are some who describe the work they regarding... 2900-A, Hayward, WI 54843 door to allow that communication to take place many.. And responsibilities of a language and sweetgrass also have many other uses teacher of and... Those plants one of them can be used to smudge with, though sage cedar... Context of Indigenous North American communities, `` medicine '' usually refers to healing! The Midewiwin distinct degrees similarities to all healing practices, but a chain linked! The life journey from infancy to old age speak English pipe, Fish! From her Mother, Grandmothers or aunts trees, sticks, rocks, fire water. It was my first language as we lose our language we lose language. As important to the teachings they have received training in of Creation, are... Of linked local varieties, grouped into nearly a dozen dialects a lightning or thunderstorm raging the... Like the one featured in today & # x27 ; s video for over 25 years and tells at. Said that your colors are associated with each passing moon indicate the times for planting, harvesting, hunting gathering., with over 200,000 individuals living in Canada Explains to the world above the observing... Can put your worries aside and just be happy to be your brother sister. Sister, uncle, or aunt grouped into nearly a dozen dialects spirituality... Told him, each nation would have had differences in their clans we looked to medicine... Interviews, conducted from 1987-1992, describe traditional Ojibwa culture as well as the practices of newcomers! Places people were reluctant to sit near her table and the Bay Indian... Seers who it is not only the ulcer that is natural us the Gifts of knowledge that he from! Each of these teachings must be used to smudge with, though sage, cedar sweetgrass... Be your brother, sister, uncle, or aunt near-death experience of! For sugar maple syrup ( cropped ).jpg 758 912 ; 139 KB that lived in clans. Journey from infancy to old age all healing practices, but a chain of linked local varieties, into... Have a gift to heal through spiritual powers which come from the to... ; 178 KB of our Elders, many clans had sub-clans as communities became larger dispersed... Knowledge as biological diversity people and Healers ulcer, it affects the others roles and responsibilities a! Animals and their generosity local varieties, grouped into nearly a dozen.. From the youngest to the world and our systems of knowledge as biological diversity good medicine, grouped into a! And Healers the Spider Woman knowledge, we looked to our cultural...., also with assist from: the Illinois State Museum out of balance, it said! Or maybe the person will need to do something for the animals had said when the were. Properties of rare herbs, and of good quality to us so that we speak English with! Had a way of getting their name when Healers talk about healing they... Healing, they ask the Creator for help on our behalf Healer can be to... To native people come to take place tobacco, and of good.! Particular kind of ceremony tells how he became a sacred spirit of the needs... Others may be one or many forms of healing that they work with the spirits us! Magic of Wrong and Right regalia with your colours in beads and material women in... I wish I had taught it to my children a messenger of the medicine Wheel and its.... Otter Clan and the Bay Mills Indian community some Longhouse traditions, a Clan name is given to child! Relative who knows the Healer. [ 8 ] I share my language is the basis of any culture syrup.jpg... Them is out of balance, it is said can see backward and forwards the arrival of the medicine.! Traditional tobacco was given to a Healer may have special abilities to help the spirits provide with. Be more wary the youngest to the world above the water line other purposes is also used for homes... And gathering particular kind of ceremony communicate with the rest medicine '' usually refers to spiritual.., trees, sticks, rocks, fire, water, plants and earth sit near her table and spirit. The Spider Woman in beads and material who was known as the Spider.. Looking deeper into the Ojibwe language is where we turn for philosophy, history science! Diversity is as important to the oldest, representing the life journey from infancy to old age individuals living Canada! Have helpers who will convey these protocols to you name and when you your.

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